The reason the Hazara people were and are dispised is because they are known as the lower class people since they had no access to education, they couldn't succeed, and they continued to be poor and despised. Their Asiatic features and language a dialect of Persian set them apart from other Afghans, including the predominant ethnic Pashtun. Amir lives in Kabul, Afghanistan. He waged a brutal war against the community, which resulted in bloody massacres, looting and pillaging of homes, enslavement and the transfer of Hazara land to Pashtun tribes. In 1998, as the armed group was attempting to establish full control over Afghanistan, it laid a siege on Hazarajat, blocking supply routes andstarvingthe civilian population. Hazaras have been systematically discriminated against by Pashtuns and others during the Afghan pre-war periods, says Thomas Ruttig, co-director of the Afghanistan Analysts Network. The Hazara speak an eastern variety of Persian called Hazaragi with many Mongolian and Turkic words. To begin with, Afghan may refer to various ethnicity of people like Pashtuns, Uzbeks, Turkmens, Kyrghyz, etc. The tragedy brought thousands on to the streets of Kabul to protest against the increasing violence towards Hazaras. The insurgents have also taken visible steps to ease Hazara fears that the hard-line Islamist movement has an anti-Shiite agenda. Amir becomes very jealous of him and then becomes a coward. The Pashtuns had lighter skin, hair and eyes. Nazar Muhammad Mutmaeen, a Kabul-based former Taliban official, says both the Taliban and Hazara community -- which is spread over several provinces in central Afghanistan -- largely respected an understanding that required them to keep out of each others affairs. Particularly in 1888 - 1893, Pashtuns carried out ethnic cleansing of the Hazaras, killed more than half of their population, and enslaved thousands of them. Since 2015, the emergence of the even more extreme Islamic State Khorasan Province (ISKP) unleashed an even deadlierwave of attackson the Hazara population, with suicide bombers targeting schools, mosques and even hospitals in Hazara neighbourhoods. Are Pathans tall? Comparatively, The kite runner, explores the disparity created by differences in cultural backgrounds. . In Afghanistan, the Hazaras have been racially oppressed since the time that they arrived. They are Shia, mostly of theTwelversect, whilesomeareIsmaili and Sunni. Hazaras are predominantly Shia Muslims, with some Ismaili and Sunni Muslims. The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund have already stopped payments to Kabul, while the US has frozen the countrys assets held on US territory. While the Taliban and other armed groups are targeting and committing human rights violations against the people of Afghanistan, the Hazara ethnic and religious population is especially athighrisk. As one of the largest ethnic groups in Afghanistan, the Hazara people have enduredvarious forms of oppressionfrom Pashtun rulers and governments, including slavery, systematic expulsion from ancestral homes and lands, and massacres. Even in America, Amir tries to bury his past, but he is always reminded of it. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Hazaras afterwards Pushtons are two another national groups of Afghanistan. In the late 1900s, Pashtun King Amir Abdul Rahman Khan ordered the killing of all Shias in central Afghanistan, leaving tens of thousands of Hazaras dead, according to anthropologist Thomas Barfield. Hundreds have died in the attacks, which have targeted Hazara protests, Shiite mosques, and shrines. In March, Hazaras held a protest in Kabul against the governments decision to move a proposed power line project out of Bamiyan, arguing that the decision was yet another form of ethnic discrimination. Amirs closest friend is Hassan, the son of his familys beloved servant. While the Hazaras are primarily Shia Muslims, most Afghans follow the Sunni branch of Islam. Hazaras are genetically different than Pashtuns & Tajiks and generally have Mongolic looks which is closer to Turkmen & Uzbeks. It examines his relationships with people at different levels in society and different social backgrounds, and the implications of the decisions he makes.The novel The Kite Runner provides ample evidence of the oppression of the minorities. In 2015, Taliban militants killed dissident Taliban commander Mansoor Dadullah. Hazaras and Pushtons are two different ethnic groups of Afghanistan. The novels plot centres around interactions between Amir and his friend Hassan along with the struggles they face in their lives. Big diffrence, in language, attitude, belifs, ways of doing things, culture and even looks. Moreover, racial discrimination in The Kite Runner causes some bad impacts to psychological health as well as to society. Shujae had gone into the areas the Taliban had banned him from traveling to. As the years went on, the Pashtuns and Hazara people continued to despise each other, and after the Soviets left Afghanistan, the Taliban was able to rise to power. Their Asiatic features and language a dialect of Persian set them apart from other Afghans, including the predominant ethnic Pashtun. If Hassan was never raped, then Amir would not have felt the guilt that he did. Since the Pashtuns are in control, the Hazaras don't get much space in the official history of . Hazaras and Pushtons are two different ethnic groups of Afghanistan. While five were set free, the fate of the other 20 remains unknown, according to the UN. And its fighters made good on such threats. The Kite Runner emphasizes the divide among the Muslim community that many people might not have seen before reading this book. Therefore, it can be concluded that racial discrimination is harmful to the people and society because it teaches people to make judgments about others in terms of group-based expectations or standards. Amir is a Pashtun, with a higher status and his servant , Hassan, is a Hazara. The victims also included women," the report said. Whats the difference between the Pashtuns and the Hazaras? The disparity between social classes is evident in The Kite Runner between Amir and Hassan. Tajiks to Tajikistan, Uzbeks to Uzbekistan, and Hazaras to goristan [graveyard], was themantraof the Taliban at the time. Hello Zendabode! For people living here, it is clear there was an understanding between Hazaras and the Taliban for the past 17 years, he told Radio Free Afghanistan. Hosseini expresses Amirs uncertain feelings toward Hassan which form the decisions he makes throughout the book. Therefore, discrimination and slander towards Hazaras in the novel gives a strong sense of unequalness among the two ethnicities, Pashtuns and Hazaras, and is not considered virtuous among societies today. It is one that is bittered by a lot of grievance and sometimes outright hatred but calmed and humanized by the realities of the world. The Hazaras concluded the most deals, he said. Since then the Hazara have faced significant marginalization, persecution, and displacement, perhaps most zealously by the Taliban in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The Hazaras are also seen as the weakest and poorest race in Afghanistan, so that they are easily subjected to be killed, insulted, and tortured by Pashtuns. What's the difference between a Pashtun and an Afghan? Abubakar Siddique, a journalist for RFE/RL's Radio Azadi, specializes in the coverage of Afghanistan and Pakistan. What are the main differences between the Pashtuns and Hazaras? 2020 marks both the International Year of the Nurse and Florence Nightingale's 200th birthday, making it the perfect time to recognize and celebrate the brave and selfless nurses all over the world. Mutmaeen says the episode generated some goodwill between the Taliban and the Hazaras. The numbers may vary from one region to the another. Pashtu, written in the Perso-Arabic script. They dirty our blood. The inclusive language at the beginning of the quote is aimed at the Pashtuns whereas the negative connotations of pollute and dirty emphasise the subservient position of the Hazaras in the Afghani society and thus losing their sense of placement within society. Pashtun and hazara similarities between christianity. Despite ample rhetoric on the need to protect religious minorities, regional players have also not stepped in to help the Hazara people. In his novel, The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini depicts his homeland Afghanistan as a host to many different cultures and classes, such as Pashtun and Hazara, Sunni and Shiite, with this dichotomy of beliefs and attributes being powerful enough to shape diverse, sometimes negative relationships amongst the characters of the novel and their behavior to each other, as well as establish that individuals identity. Pashtuns and Hazaras differ in terms of religious beliefs, cultural practices, social status, and physical appearances. The Hazaras have been persecuted by Pashtun leaders, civil warlords, the Taliban, ISIS and others due to their Shi'a Muslim beliefs. Members of Hazara minority from Malistan and Jaghuri districts of restive Ghazni province arrive in the provincial capital Ghazni to take refuge on November 12. The Hazara speak an eastern variety of Persian called Hazaragi with many Mongolian and Turkic words. This has resulted in their systemic lack of political power and influence in a Sunni Muslim . Baba, Assef, and Hassan were major influences upon Amirs growth throughout the book; their differences shaped Amir into the man he later became as all three represented a different side of Afghan society. Mentioned among the Basseri and the Shahsevan of Iran, Footnote 16 this practice also existed in Afghanistan before 1978 between Pashtun nomads and Hazara farmers, even though their relations were often tense. After the withdrawal of Soviet troops in 1989, Afghanistan descended into civil war between various armed groups. Social status allows the powerful to gain more power, while pushing the struggling deeper into a hole. Archetypes In The Kite Runner. The understanding was that the Taliban will not be harmed by the Hazaras while members of Hazara militias, too, will refrain from traveling to regions controlled by the Taliban, Mutmaeen told Radio Free Afghanistan. These experiences have led some to consider Hazaras to be one of themost persecuted people in the world. Poverty in the region and ongoing conflict since the Afghan War (197892) have dispersed many of the Hazara throughout Afghanistan. Each identity played a unique part in Amirs life. One of the main differences between the Hazara and Pashtun is their social status. The views expressed in this article are the authors own and do not necessarily reflect Al Jazeeras editorial stance. The result of this study shows that racial discrimination in The Kite Runner is caused by social structural factors and social psychological factors. "They [IS] were attempting to pave the way for an ethnic war between Afghan ethnic groups, which prompted the Taliban to intervene.". In the capital, Kabul, Hazaras have suffered repeated violence. The discrimination of Hassan causes violence as he gets raped solely because he was a Hazara. The religious and cultural definition requires Pashtuns to be Muslim and follow the Pashtunwali codes. Copyright 2023, Difference Between | Descriptive Analysis and Comparisons. This man, he said, was the main contact between Hazaras and the insurgents in Jaghori. The 2004 Afghanistan Constitution ( PDF ) granted Hazaras equal rights, and they were well-represented in the administration of former Afghan President Hamid Karzai. Ajvarski, Donkey's Ear, Gatherer's Gold, Jimmy Nardello, Lipstick, Melrose, Gypsy F1 hybrid, Mareko Fana, Stocky Red Roaster, Red Wonder, Little Bells and Sirenevyi are all discussed here. Individuals also shaped Amirs character. With a long history of persecution, the Hazaras fear the worst under Taliban rule. The Pashtuns have been dominant in Afghanistan and believe that they should be the only ones to reside in Afghanistan, which creates an influx of hatred between the two religions. long live Afghanistan. A Hazara is one of two Ethnic groups in Afghanistan. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Fake info, the most hazaras are soennie muslim. Upon reading this quote, readers understand that the Pashtuns are the superior authority, treating the Hazaras like a plain servant in which they do all the chores and cleaning in the household. similarities between pashtuns and hazarasmainstreet organization of realtors locations. What greatness does this play in the book? At least six people were killed and scores more injured after a suicide bomber detonated his explosives-laden vest near a Hazara protest demonstration in Kabul on November 12. These two groups have been in conflict for many years. Living primarily in the rugged highlands in the country's centre, the Hazaras are one of Afghanistan's largest ethnic minorities, accounting for up to 20 percent of Afghanistan . Their major divide is over how leadership of Islam should be determined. Human Rights Watch estimated that at least 2,000 people of different ethnic communities, including Hazaras, were killed and according to estimates by Hazara groups, the death toll may be as high as15,000. Most of them are Shii Muslims of the Twelver faith, although some are Ismal or Sunni. Post author: Post published: June 10, 2022 Post category: printable afl fixture 2022 Post comments: columbus day chess tournament columbus day chess tournament (LogOut/ The violence that stems from discrimination is seen throughout the book. Thenewly appointedUnited Nations special rapporteur on Afghanistan must immediately investigate the systematic attacks and forced displacement of Hazaras to ensure those responsible are identified and held to account. The overwhelming majority ofPashtunsfollowSunniIslam. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. 5 Whats the difference between a Pashtun and an Afghan? They generally reside in Southeastern Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. As a Muslim, I think The Kite Runner accurately describes the divide among the religion of Islam. The emphasis placed upon the discrimination of Hazaras by the Pashtuns not only informs the readers of the socio-economic relations in Afghanistan but also addresses a parallelism of harm towards Afghanis from Americans. Stereotypes are used all throughout the novel The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini. The majority of Afghanistans population practice Sunni Islam, this may have contributed to the discrimination against them. It is estimated that Hazarajat lost some 60 percent of its population to ethnic cleansing, which has led some scholars to term the carnage a genocide. Until the 1970s, a large percentage of the Hazara populationcould notaccess higher education, enrol in the army or secure higher-level government jobs. He waged a brutal war against the community, which resulted in bloody "massacres, looting and pillaging of homes, enslavement" and the transfer of Hazara . The conflict between the Pashtuns and Hazaras in The Kite Runner directly reflects the real life issues in. In the late 19th century, Pashtun ruler Abdur Rahman Khan sought to bring the Hazara people in their homeland of Hazarajat under his rule. the real subcontient and desis of Pakistan are my fellow Punjabi and Sindhi country men. They mostly speak the Pashto language (a language from Indo-Iranian language family). The Taliban referred to the IS militants as Uzbekistanis to distinguish them from Uzbeks in Afghanistan. Hassan also grows up in Amirs backyard and they spend most of their time playing together, however their difference in religion sets them apart. It is also not surprising that, despite the insistence by the Taliban that it can provide security and peace in Afghanistan, ISKP has continued its deadly attacks against the Hazaras. Parts of central Afghanistan, like Bamiyan, the unofficial Hazara capital, are among the countrys poorest, often lacking basic facilities and electricity. Hassan, who Amir is acquainted with since birth, is a fiercely loyal Hazara. The fighting was apparently provoked by the breakdown of a longstanding agreement between the two, according to former Taliban members and Ghazni locals. To make matters confusing, though, Pashtuns are Sunni Muslims and Hazaras are Shi'a Muslims. Abductions, extortions and violent killings by groups operating under the banner of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as ISIS) continue to take place. Key Difference: Hazaras are members of an Afghan ethnic minority group, whereas the Pashtuns are a united group of tribes composing the largest ethnic group of Afghanistan. Sitarah Mohammadi is a former Hazara refugee from Afghanistan, who spent 2019 as a Provost Scholar at the University of Oxford, undertaking studies in International Relations, and completed a dissertation on Australias refugee policy. In August of the same year, Taliban fighters captured Mazar-e Sharif, a city in northern Afghanistan, going on a rampage targeting Tajiks, Uzbeks and particularly,Hazaras. A Hazara is one of two Ethnic groups in Afghanistan. Kite Runner, written by Khaled Hosseini, explores the difficulties of Amirs friendships and relationships of himself to be committed to others while struggling with loyalty by using contextual Afghan traditional culture and history to influence the textual meaning of the storyline. Storytelling is a traditional Hazara habit. The exact number of Hazara is unknownestimates vary wildlybut the total reckons confidently in the millions. Hazaras were sold as slaves as late as the 19th century. Because of the contrasting history of the two groups, their responses to the Taliban's takeover of Kabul were complete opposites. No your are wrong most of the hazars are Shia not Sunni. As every year around this time, violent clashes have erupted between local Hazaras and incoming Pashtun Kuchis in the pastures of Eastern Hazajarat. He skimmed through a couple of pages, snickered, handed the book back. The international community must pressure the Taliban to guarantee the protection of the rights of the Hazara people, to ensure a genocide against them does not take place. The Hazaras are discriminated against and looked down upon. Interviews with several Ghazni residents established that under such an understanding the Taliban allowed schools, other government institutions, services, and projects to function unhindered in Hazara communities while preventing them from operating in Pashtun-populated regions. There is no single theory about the acceptance of the Shia Islam by the Hazaras. Updates? In the novel ,The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, the main character Amir is a coward. This shows the hatred and disgust that the Sunni Muslims have for the Shia, and that the Sunni see the Shia as intruders that dont belong in Afghanistan. The majority are Shia, most are Twe View the full answer Previous question Next question Like Abdur Rahman Khan, the Taliban is mostly Pashtun people and does not tolerate Hazara people. Even open-minded non-Hazaras with a high degree of education have admitted to me that they feel a certain discomfort when they encounter Hazaras in certain positions of authority in Afghanistan, says Melissa Chiovenda, an anthropology doctoral candidate at the University of Connecticut. Pashtuns (also spelled as Pushtun, Pakhtun, Pashtoon, Pathan) form Afghanistans largest ethnic group. The main protagonist of the book Kite Runner, Amir, experiences the detachment from understanding why he feels like a tourist in his own country. Many people grouped us into the same category because we are both Muslim, sometimes even mixing up our names. All Afghans face precarious and dangerous circumstances in their country, but the situation is particularly desperate for the Hazaras, who have been historically marginalised, dispossessed and massacred. The main differences between the Pashtun's and the Hazara's is the Pashtun's are Sunni Muslim while Hazzara's are Shiite Muslims. The return of the Taliban to power in Kabul has meant not only a rollback of the limited social gains the Hazaras had achieved, but also new atrocities against the community. "They [IS] were attempting to pave the way for an ethnic war between Afghan ethnic groups, which prompted the Taliban to intervene." Thats not right, the large group that lives in afghanistan (kabul) they are soennie muslims. Pashtuns are the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan, comprising nearly half of the countrys estimated 30 million people, while Hazaras make up some 10 percent of the population and have been persecuted historically. Other reason why the Hazaras have been discriminated by Pashtun is their appearance that look like Chinese people. Understanding the differences between these two groups helps you understand the relationships in the story. The 25-year-old and her family were one of hundreds of Hazara families forcibly evicted from . It must honour thecommitmentofnever again in the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. There are different schools of thought, says Ruttig. 1 What are the main differences between the Pashtuns and Hazaras? Etymology. Early sweet peppers are a great addition to any garden. Before the Taliban took over Kabul, Assef tormented Hassan and Amir because Hassan was a Hazara and Amir Associated himself with Hassan. If we are united no one would dare to break us. Babur, founder of the Mughal Empire in the early 16th century, records the name "Hazara" in Baburnama, and he has mentioned "Hazara" as "Turkoman Hazaras" several times. Hazara leaders, for their part, deny they had engaged in any written or verbal understanding with the insurgents. Chinese Granite; Imported Granite; Chinese Marble; Imported Marble; China Slate & Sandstone; Quartz stone Hes my servant! But in an interview with Voice Of America, Shujaee denied the abuses and participating in an ethnic war against Pashtuns but maintained that he defended himself and his community against the Taliban. Majority are Shia,mostly of theTwelversect, whilesomeareIsmaili and Sunni. While in power, Khan used the government to force all the people into the Kazarasjat Mountains. The Hazaras are also seen as the weakest and poorest race in Afghanistan, so that they are easily subjected to be killed, insulted, and tortured by Pashtuns. "The repeated kidnapping of Hazara women prompted them [the Hazaras] to kidnap 14 Pashtun women and children from Gazey village in the Khak-e Afghan district [of Zabul Province]," the report said. While it is presumed that Iran may come to the protection of Shia minorities, it did not come to the aid of Hazaras during themassacresof 1998 and has not taken any serious action since the Taliban took over Kabul in mid-August. In the novel The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini purposely utilizes setting to play a pivotal role in the portrayal of an important focus when narrating a post 9/11 Afghan and American novel. Unfortunately, the Taliban continued to harass and murder the Hazara people while they were in power. Another bombing of a Hazara mosque in Kandahar killed at least 47 people and wounded scores of others. Alteration Among | Colourful Assay afterwards Comparisons Answer Alteration: Hazaras are members of an Afghan cultural marginal assemblage, where the Pashtuns are a cohesive assemblage of tribes composing the largest cultural assemblage of Afghanistan. Taliban fighters forced over 4,000 Hazaras from their homes, claiming they had no ownership over their land, leaving them stranded without food or shelter as harsh winter approaches. Growing up in war torn Afghanistan during the invasion of the Soviets and the awakening rise of the Taliban destined the people of Afghanistan to never truly understand normalcy. I will never surrender.. The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, although fiction, engages and allows the reader to have an inside view on the Afghani religion and culture. Due to Hassan being a Hazara, Baba avoids social embarrassment by not exposing the truth of Hassan being his son. There are 14 nationally recognized ethnic groups in Afghanistan, including Tajiks, Pashtuns, Hazaras, Uzbeks and others who make up less than 2% each. Hassan's social position is solely based on his being a Hazara. Pashtuns and Hazaras differ in terms of religious beliefs, cultural practices, social status, and physical appearances. While walking on the street, Amir sees Ali being verbally harassed by Pashtun boys. Due to the persecution of the Hazara people in Afghanistan and Pakistan, in 2012 he sought asylum by boat in Australia. Together we can be strong, free and happy. While many Hazaras fled to Shia Iran, those who remained risked violence and even death. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Despite their growing political clout, many Hazaras continue to feel discriminated against. >, Racial Discrimination Towards the Hazaras as Reflected in Khaled Hosseini's the Kite Runner, RIS (Mendeley, Zotero, EndNote, RefWorks), The Consummate Love of Hazel Grace as Reflected in the Fault in Our Stars Movie, Konflik Psikologis Sara Crewe Dalam Novel a Little Princess Karya Frances Hodgson Burnett, Person Deixis in Sby's Speech at Harvard University. If we look at Pashtun Afghans, they are more related to Persian people than Turks. The vast treeless mountains that dominate the landscape are used chiefly for pasturing sheep. If there was a Hazara residing in Kabul, the rumour was that he was either a beggar, servant or even both. Hazaras are also considered to be Turko-Mongol as they look like Mongolians and East Asians whereas they share a cultural background with the Turkic people of Central Asia. He does this by developing universal themes which demonstrate that Afghans and Americans. But the Taliban recently began targeting Hazara-inhabited regions in the central provinces of Uruzgan and Ghazni. Hassan, a hare-lipped Hazara boy in the novel, feels the pain and torture of simply being who he was and endures the hardships of his ethnicity, but yet he never complains or wishes to change who he is, symbolizing his bravery. Theyre very similar in most ways, but just like Catholics and Protestants, they consider their comparatively small differences to be very important. The most recent figures on the ethnic affiliations come from a survey conducted by the Asia Foundation in 2014. The first truly inhumane action Amir decides to make occurs in the alley where Hassan is raped. Then earlier this month, the organisation released evidence of another massacre in which 13 Hazaras, including a 17-year-old girl, were killed in late August in Daykundi province. IS has invariably claimed such attacks in an apparent retaliation for the participation of thousands of Hazaras in Iran-backed militias in Syria. Handayani, Fadlilah S. "Racial Discrimination Towards the Hazaras as Reflected in Khaled Hosseini's the Kite Runner." Intense shelling, arbitrary killings of civilians and targeting of Hazara men resulted inhundreds killedand forcibly disappeared. Over a century we have been divided by our enemies (divide and role) and look where we are? In Afghanistan, Hazarasthe ethnic minorityhave experienced ethnic discrimination by Pashtunsthe ethnic majoritybecause of a revolt dating back to the 18th century.Another form of discrimination in Afghanistan arises from the distinct religious groupsShiite and Sunni Muslims. Amir has to face that fact he is disloyal to his relationship with Hassan and begins personal growth. These funds can be used in negotiations with the Taliban. (LogOut/ They live in fortified villages of flat-roofed houses of stone or mud built wall-to-wall around a central courtyard, overlooking the narrow valleys in which they cultivate rotating crops of barley, wheat, and legumes as well as various fruits and cucumbers. With a longhistory of persecution, including by the Taliban, the Hazaras areright to fear a genocide. Key Difference: Hazaras are members of an Afghan ethnic minority group, whereas the Pashtuns are a united group of tribes composing the largest ethnic group of Afghanistan. In Afghanistan, there is a divide between the Pashtuns and the Hazaras; the Pashtuns are upper class citizens who are treated with respect while the Hazaras are lower class, minority citizens who are treated poorly. Whether the Buddhas should and can be rebuilt remains contested. similarities between pashtuns and hazaras steve dulcich vineyard June 23, 2022. how much is the wimbledon trophy worth . Because of the contrasting history of the two groups, their responses to the Talibans takeover of Kabul were complete opposites. Until recent decades, few attended university or held government positions. From his childhood in Kabul ,Afghanistan, to living in America, there has been an invisible border restricting two parties from establishing into one. When Amir showed the history book on the Hazaras to his teacher, he reacted with disgust, The following week, after class, I showed the book to my teacher and pointed to the chapter on the Hazaras.
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