On January 1, 1919, President Wilson decommissioned the WIB by executive order. Roosevelt's delegate to the London Economic Conference before bailing; leader of the Nationalist military rebellion in the Spanish Civil War, Isolationist (ironic aviator who first flew across the Atlantic), 1940 Republican candidate for the presidency of the United States, idea of trade pacts including mutually beneficial changes to tariffs, etc. How do I fill out an activity section on the common app. His strongest criticism of Roosevelt was regarding his decision to break the two term tradition established by George Washington. Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a PDF of a single entry from a reference work in OR for personal use (for details see Privacy Policy and Legal Notice). About 250,000 Japanese died, either immediately, or as a result of prolonged suffering caused by radiation poisoning as a result of the two bombs. What does the nurse believe is making those who are in favor of the war ignore its human costs? Based on your research, write an essay analyzing the importance of the French assistance to the American colonists. Chinatown's Sex Slaves - Human Trafficking and San Francisco's History. An Act that replaced the Cash and Carry idea; it allowed Britain to obtain all the US arms it needed on credit. Ronald Reagan made strides in economics by . Gerald Nye would later deliver a speech claiming that the war industries only cared about profit and therefore promoted US intervention in wars (Doc. Your current browser may not support copying via this button. ", Senator Gerald Nye (R-North Dakota), Head of the Senate Munitions Investigating Committee. Having not been involved in a major multi-national conflict since the Spanish American War of 1898, the United States needed to quickly organize its manufacturing industries to support its military effort. allowed for sale of materials provided that they pay in cash and do their own transport. ThoughtCo. 6. It was a significant factor in public and political support for American neutrality in the early stages of World War II. This investigation of these "merchants of death" helped to bolster sentiments favoring neutrality, non-interventionism, disarmament, and taking the profits out of weapons procurements.[16]. What was the result of the Nye Committees findings quizlet? Government In America, Chapter 12 APUSH Chapter 11 (P1) - American Pageant Central Nervous System: Crash Course A\u0026P #11 The Senate and the House of Representatives Explained (Congress - AP Government Review)Capitalism and Socialism: Crash Course World History #33 Political Parties: Crash Course Government and Politics #40The American Senator Gerald Nye. 1943: 400 rabbis marched in Washington to protest silence of the world against the extermination of European Jews. Vi congress legislates . John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self. The idea that people should glorify their nation and their race through an aggressive show of force; advocated in Italy by Benito Mussolini. The Nye Committee reported that during World War IJuly 28, 1914, to November 11, 1918the United States had loaned Germany $27 million while lending Britain and its allies $2.3 billion. Nye Committee- a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc. The hearings covered four topics: The munitions industry Bidding on Government contracts in the shipbuilding industry War profits The background leading up to U.S. entry into World War I. Did the Mayflower Go Off Course on Purpose? World War II: Behind Closed Doors. The agreement here would prove to have long-term significance. Fascist leader of the Spanish revolution, helped by Hitler and Mussolini; america allowed him to buy arms to stay out of the spanish civil war, British statesman and leader during World War II, United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1902-1974); isolationist orator after murder of his infant son, Presidential candidate who criticized the New Deal and a third presidential term; magnetic personality. 2400 Americans were killed and the Surprise attack lasted less than two hours. My thesis aimed to study dynamic agrivoltaic systems, in my case in arboriculture. The committee investigated the financial and banking interests that underlay the United States' involvement in World War I and the operations and profits of the industrial and commercial firms supplying munitions to the Allies and to the United States. The Neutrality Bill, providing for an embargo on arms and loans to nations at war, was the only legislation even partially enacted into law. The greed of American monitions markers, bankers and financeers was responsible for the nations entry into WW1. Stephen Rauschenbusch, son of Christian Social Gospel activist Walter Rauschenbusch, was appointed lead counsel for the Committee; his assisting counsel included Robert Wolforth, Josephine Burns and Alger Hiss. Write adv. Nye Committee 1934. formed to investigate whether or not munitions manufacturers and bankers were pro-war in WWI soley to make profit; increased anti-war atmosphere and push to pass Neutrality Acts. On December 7, 1941, Japanese bombers flew over the US naval base in Pearl Harbour, Hawaii, bombing every ship in sight while many soldiers were still asleep in their bunks. Isolationism is the policy or doctrine of isolating one's country from the affairs of other nations by declining to enter into alliances, foreign economic commitments, foreign trade, international agreements, etc. AmscoDiplomacy and World War 11 (1929-1945). Roosevelt's replacement for too-radical VP Henry Wallace; A Missouri senator with a natl reputation for having conducted a much-publicized investigation of war spending. FDR's call for economic aggression to fight the Axis powers, which resulted in a surge of isolationist response, Agreement between Hitler and Stalin not to go to war with one another if a third party attacked one another, and also included allowing the Soviets to be divided a portion of the land Hitler from countries Hitler was planning to overthrow, Economic support for warring nations; The Nye Committee hearings between 1934 and 1936 and several best-selling books of the time, like H. C. Engelbrecht's The Merchants of Death (1934), supported the conviction of many Americans that the US entry into World War I had been orchestrated by bankers and the arms industry for profit reasons. Nye's committee insisted that the US had been maneuvered into the First World War by the munitions industrialists like Du Pont and other companies which would make profits selling arms and. Check the Fiveable calendar for this week's APUSH live . Main Menu; by School; by Literature Title; by Subject; by Study Guides; Textbook Solutions Expert Tutors . The outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936 and the rising tide of fascism in Europe increased support for extending and expanding the Neutrality Act of 1937. That Hideki Tojo was a threat to Americas national security and should be stopped. Many Americans felt betrayed and questioned that the war had been an epic battle between the forces of good (democracy) and evil (autocracy). Basically, they made it so citizens/US could not get involved; 4 laws passed in the late 1930s that were designed to keep the US out of international incidents. Define the word you choose. The two Japanese cities on which Harry S Truman ordered the dropping of atomic bombs; August 6 and August 9, 1945, respectively. What are some good documentaries about WW2? The background leading up to U.S. entry into World War I. Nye Committee hearings (Munitions industry, naval shipbuilding: Preliminary report of the Special Committee on Investigation of the Munitions Industry): This page was last edited on 6 November 2022, at 19:39. The Italian fascist leader, or "Il Duce". Are normoblast found in circulating blood? Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images. "War Industries Board: History and Purpose." In the "Declaration by United Nations" of 1 January 1942, the Allies of World War II pledged adherence to the charter's principles. It was drafted by Britain and the United States, and later agreed to by all the Allies. In such an overwhelming undertaking, the federal government had to play a leading role. What did the Nye Committee report reveal? What types of groups and individuals supported Reagan's rise to the presidency? nfhs volleyball jewelry rules; zimbabwe consulate appointment booking; sageata albastra tren viteza; apple specialist uk salary The Nye Committee Investigations In 1934, the Nye Committee, chaired by Senator Gerald Nye (R-North Dakota) held hearings to investigate the profits of the industrial, commercial, and banking firms that had supplied war materials under the supervision of the WIB. On this day, British, Canadian, and US forces under the command of General Eisenhower secured several beachheads on the Normandy coast. Established by US Isolationists to mobilize American public opinion against war. Although the "Nye Committee" failed to achieve its goal of nationalizing the arms industry, it inspired three congressional Neutrality Acts in the mid-1930s that signaled profound American opposition to overseas involvement. It found that bankers had pressured Wilson to intervene in the war in order to protect their loans abroad. if the underlined clause is an adverb clause or adj. What was the conclusion of the Nye Committee? By March 1918, these and other mobilization problems forced President Wilson to strengthen the WIB, first be appointing influential industrialist and financier Bernard M. Baruch as its chairman. Which was a reason that Northern leaders disagreed over the South rejoining the Union? As introduced in the early 1900s by automobile manufacturer Henry Ford, mass production utilizes multiple assembly lines. Graceclaw. -lend-lease act of 1941- an arrangement for the transfer of war supplies- food, machinery, services to nations whose defense was considered vital to the defense of the us in wwii august 1941- roosevelt met with britist prime minister winston churchill to proclaim the Atlantic Charter- statement of common principles and war aims 1941- hitler invaded the soviet union may 1940- troops transfered . Instead of twenty, the WIB was made up of seven members, all civilians except for one representative each from the Army and Navy. Chapter 39 Outline.doc. The Charter stated the ideal goals of the war: no territorial aggrandizement; no territorial changes made against the wishes of the people; restoration of self-government to those deprived of it; free access to raw materials; reduction of trade restrictions; global cooperation to secure better economic and social conditions for all; freedom from fear and want; freedom of the seas; and abandonment of the use of force, as well as disarmament of aggressor nations. The AFC was founded by Yale University student R. Douglas Stuart Jr. and headed by Robert E. Wood, a retired U.S. Army general who was chairman of Sears, Roebuck and Co. Its highest-profile early member was Henry Ford, the automotive pioneer and notorious anti-Semite, who resigned in controversy. If it is about you, it is an announcement you would rather not hear. Equal mutual rights and benefits granted and enjoyed. Killing the back-country Indians of South America with airplanes, bombs, and machine guns, boiled down to an order to get busy because "these opera bouffe revolutions are usually short-lived, and we must make the most of the opportunity. Francisco Franco sought to overthrow the Loyalist regime in Spain, and was aided by the United States decision to not allow the Loyalist Regime (or the rebels for that matter) to purchase arms from the United States. The findings revealed high profits and a studied hostility to disarmament but no evidence to support the theory that President Woodrow Wilson had at any time been influenced by the financial stake in his relations with Germany. Established by FDR in his first inaugural address, concentrating on other nations of the Western Hemisphere. AP United States History 2005 Scoring Commentary Form B The College Board: Connecting Students to College Success The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and After printing false information that spawned riots, the publisher promised a higher degree of _______ from its editorial staff. 1935: Authorized the president to prohibit all arms shipments and to forbid US citizens to travel on the ships of belligerent nations; 1936) Forbade the extension of loans and credits to belligerents; 1937) Forbade the shipment of arms to the opposing sides in the civil war in Spain. Some leaders wanted the South to pay for damage done during the Civil War. One of the richest men in the world during his lifetime, Zaharoff was described as both a merchant of death and a mystery man of Europe. Is that still true? What was the conclusion of the Nye committees 1933 report on World War I? I love to write and share science related Stuff Here on my Website. U.S. industrial production increased by 20% under the WIB. Nye Committee 1934. formed to investigate whether or not munitions manufacturers and bankers were pro-war in WWI soley to make profit; increased anti-war atmosphere and push to pass Neutrality Acts. B). Which event immediately preceded Germany's surrender and the end of WWII? Signaled the end of U.S. neutrality in the war. APUSH Review Timeline (interactive) 2. The idea that the US should not enter into firm commitments to preserve the security of other nations. Copy this link, or click below to email it to a friend. Period: 1800 to 2018. Why was Alfred Nobel called the Merchant of Death? Nye created headlines by drawing connections between the wartime profits of the banking and munitions industries to Americas involvement in World War I. Nye Committee 1934. formed to investigate whether or not munitions manufacturers and bankers were pro-war in WWI soley to make profit; increased anti-war atmosphere and push to pass Neutrality Acts. Roosevelt's reaction to recognizing Fascist aggression while being limited by US isolationist feelings; this speech suggested that the democracies act together to "quarantine" the aggressor. According to the United States Senate website: "The investigation came to an abrupt end early in 1936. What are the pros and cons of open source software? Study Resources. Neutrality Acts Congress made an effort to legislate the nation out of war. Graduated from ENSAT (national agronomic school of Toulouse) in plant sciences in 2018, I pursued a CIFRE doctorate under contract with SunAgri and INRAE in Avignon between 2019 and 2022. At the Wirtshaus am Bavariapark, the Munich Cultural Department is organising a New Year's Eve party with salon music. fireline multi mission; replacing a concealed shower valve ThoughtCo, Jun. What was the conclusion of the Nye Committee study com? A resort town on the Black Sea coast of the Soviet Union where the Big Three conferred in February 1945. Charles A. Lindbergh (the aviator) was its most effective speaker. The hearings covered four topics: The munitions industry. He was overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy. Paige Sprague Pt.2 of FDRs presidency chart Japan and Germany withdraw from League of Nations- rebuild navy, and form armies. Nye Committee . Chapter 41 Outline.doc. Merchants of death was an epithet used in the U.S. in the 1930s to attack industries and banks that had supplied and funded World War I (then called the Great War). Rome-Berlin Axis. Identify Justinian, The Body of Civil Law, Byzantine Empire, Macedonians, Seljuk Turks, Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, Saladin, Pope Innocent III. Finally,World War II ended in 1945. "War Industries Board: History and Purpose." APUSH . Longley, Robert. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Bernard Mannes Baruch (August 19, 1870 - June 20, 1965) was an American financier and statesman.. After amassing a fortune on the New York Stock Exchange, he impressed President Woodrow Wilson by managing the nation's economic mobilization in World War I as chairman of the War Industries Board.He advised Wilson during the Paris Peace Conference.He made another fortune in the postwar bull . Borrowing from precedents set by the WIB, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, in 1933, established the National Recovery Administration (NRA) to combat the effects of the Great Depression by establishing the same cooperation between government and industry introduced by the WIB during World War I. (conjunction). Other clubs where you can toast the new year on New Year's Eve are Milchbar, Neuraum or Muffatwerk. Do further research on how the French supported the colonies during the American Revolution. A Dictionary of World History , Subjects: This battle had two objectives: (1) overcoming the menace of German submarines in the Atlantic and (2) beginning bombing raids on German cities; German subs sank over 500 Allied ships in 1942, but the Allied powers developed ways to fight back via sonar, radar, and bombing of German naval bases. To this end, the WIB prioritized needs, fixed prices, and oversaw the standardization of the products essential to supporting the war efforts of the United States and its allies. The Night of the Broken Glass, also known as Kristallnacht, was a night _____. Hitler insisted that Germany had a right to take over this strip of land which was mostly German Speaking. Copyright All rights reserved. Since collective bargaining as a solution to labor disputes would not come until the 1930s, leaving the government powerless to negotiate wages, the WIB routinely avoided strikes by approving wage increases rather than risk a shortage of supplies needed to fight the war in Europe. Which event immediately preceded Germanys surrender and the end of WWII? It overturned the National Industrial Recovery Act, ruling that Congress had given too much power to the president and representing the growing opposition to the New Deal. However, so strong and widespread was the spirit of isolationism that the Senate, in an effort to remain aloof from global problems, passed a series of Neutrality Acts (193539). APUSH 1940-1963 Vocabulary. "send guns, not sons"; send a limitless supply of arms to victims of aggression, Roosevelt & Churchills secret conferences- 8 pt. What are the 3 biblical grounds for divorce? [16]. This supreme court case followed the movement of 100,000 Japanese Americans moved to internment camps; the case upheld the US govt's internment policy as justified in wartime. The Tuskegee airmen were the first black servicemen to serve as military aviators in the U.S. armed forces, flying with distinction during World War II. Federal law provides the President to send US military armed forces into action abroad by: authorization of congress or if the US is under attack or serious threat. Nye created headlines by drawing connections between the wartime profits of the banking and munitions industries to America's involvement in the World War. Why were Americans worried about Hitlers attacks on Britain, in particular? A. The first hearings were in September 1934 and the final hearings in February 1936. The inventor of dynamite and explosives was criticised for finding ways to kill people faster than ever. It was a significant factor in heightening public and political support for neutrality in the early stages of World War II. Why the age distribution in the world's population will shift toward older people after 2050. The Nye Committee (Special Committee Investigating the Munitions Industry), 1934-1936 From its establishment in 1934, the Senate Special Committee Investigating the Munitions Industry was often identified with its colorful chairman, progressive Republican Gerald P. Nye of North Dakota. APUSH CHAPTER 34; Apush Chapter 34. by kylecwalden9, Apr. 1940 - U.S. agreed to "lend" its older destroyers to Great Britain. [11] Burns and Rauschenbush, who met on the committee, married soon after and co-authored a book that recounts salient testimony gathered by the investigation, War Madness (Washington, D.C., National Home Library Association, 1937). Underline each adverb clause and adjective clause. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/war-industries-board-history-and-purpose-5181082. What was the Nye Committee Apush? Alfred Nobel was called the Merchant of Death for his inventions and the most prestigious award is given after his name. To carry out its many duties, the WIB employed and developed several industrial modernization techniques still in widespread use today. Public opinion pushed Congress to pass the Neutrality Acts to keep us out of WWII. the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor In carrying out its mission, the WIB employed modern industrial techniques such as the assembly line, mass production, and interchangeable parts. A federal agency that regulated almost every aspect of civilians' lives by freezing prices, wages, and rents and rationing such commodities as meat, sugar, gasoline, and auto tires. Cite details from the poem to support your opinion. Established in 1940, the alliance treaty formed between Japan, Italy, and Germany. Established by Congress in September 1940, this act provided for the registration of all American men between the ages of 21 and 35 and for the training of 1.2 million troops in just one year. Check Latest Ranking 10 Nye Committee (Munitions Industry, 1934-1936) - Historic . It was intended to help the U.S. prepare for World War I by increasing industrial production and coordinating the purchase of war materials by the Army and the Navy. If Hitler took Britain, he could use the British navy to attack the Americas. Claimed they had caused America's entry into WWI. They wanted to protect America before we went to war in another country. The committee investigated the financial and banking interests that underlay the United States involvement in World War I and the operations and profits of the industrial and commercial firms supplying munitions to the Allies and to the United States. How did American Identity in the years leading up to WWII mimic identity leading up to WWI? document, 66 nations to address world- wide economic problems . The physicist who directed the Manhattan project for the development of the atomic bomb. Conference set about the help curb international economic woes by maintaining currency values at a fixed rate, abandoned by Roosevelt who wanted to inflate the dollar, Roosevelt ended the use of the Monroe doctrine and instead lowered his influence in the Western hemisphere (removed troops from Haiti, allowed Mexico to seize oil properties), Lowered tariffs when another country also did the same to encourage international trade, Far-right racist nationalist movement led by Adolf Hitler. Choose the best answer for the question below. 30 terms . [18] The Committee described the dynamic: When a limited amount of materiel, such as machine guns, was available, Bolivia could be forced into ordering them on the threat that unless she acted quickly, Paraguay would get them. Lecture outline --> "Two An admiral who adopted the strategy of "island-hopping" to enable the Allied powers to get within fighting range of the Japanese islands. Nye was instrumental in the development and adoption of the Neutrality Acts that were passed between 1935 and 1937. Complete the following sentences with an object complement. Content Review Apush 3.pptx. APUSH 101. -quoted in Eye-Deep in Hell: Trench Warfare in World War I. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), also called (after 1969) Student National Coordinating Committee, American political organization that played a central role in the civil rights movement in the 1960s. Its model influenced national policy during the New Deal and World War II. [10] John T. Flynn "played a major role in the course of the investigation" as a member of the committee's Advisory Council of experts. He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia (1935), joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy with Germany in World War II. The Nye Committee, officially known as the Special Committee on Investigation of the Munitions Industry, was a committee of the United States Senate which studied the causes of United States' involvement in World War I. . A supreme court case in 1944 that ruled that it was unconstitutional to deny membership in political parties to African Americans as a way of excluding them from voting in primaries. International economic conference on stabilizing currency to solve Great Depression, nation to which the US promised independence in the Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934, FDR's repudiation of TR's corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, stating good neighbor policy towards L. American countries, prohibited sale of arms to belligerents in a war; banned loans to belligerents; citizens cannot travel to countries at war or travel on armed ships; passed to prevent American involvement in future overseas wars, conflict between the revel Fascist forces of Gen. Franco and the Loyalist gov't; severely tested US neutrality; Mussolini and Hitler helped in order to use SP as testing ground for bombs, Roosevelt's speech 1937 that proposed strong US measures against overseas aggressors (Japan), European diplomatic conf where GB and FR appease Hitler's demands for Sudentenland in Czechoslovakia, piece of land south Czechoslovakia; betrayed by GB and FR to appease Hitler in 1938 Munich Conference, term for the British-French policy of attempting to prevent war by granting German demands, Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies, group advocating US support for GB in the fight against Hitler, headed by Charles Lindbergh; isolationist group advocating that US focus on continental defense and non-involvement with WWII, law that made the US the "arsenal for democracy" by providing supposedly temorary military material assistance to GB, communist nation invaded by Hitler in June 1941 that was also aided by American lend-lease, US.-GB agreement of Aug 1941 to promote democracy and intentions for improvement post WWII; created by Winston Churchill and FDR in a secret conference, self-determination, disarmament, freedom of seas, peace of security, League of Nations, 5 specific points of the Atlantic Charter, US destroyer sunk by German U-boats off the coast of iceland in Oct 1941, major American naval base devastated in a surpise attack in Dec 1941, FDR's Sec'ry of State who promoted Reciprocal Trade Agreement, low tariffs, and Good Neighbor policy, Fascist leader of Germany; started WWII under the "big lie"- belief that GER was stabbed in the back by Jews in WWI, Fascist dictator of Italy; sought to recreate a Roman empire; allied with Hitler in Roman-Berlin Axis; invaded Ethiopia; "Benevolent Dictator", instigator of 1934 Senate hearings that castigated WWI munitions manufacturers as "merchants of death", Fascist rebel leader against Spanish Loyalist gov't; helped by Hitler and Mussolini to become dictator of Spain, African nation invaded by Mussolini in 1935, Democratic nation betrayed at Munich Conference, invaded Sept 1939 by Hitler; set off WWII, seized by Hitler in 1940; pushed the US closer to direct aid to GB, leader of America First Committee; chief spokesman for US isolationism, dark horse Rep Presidential nominee in 1940; lost against FDR; attacked FDR for the third term attempt, courageous prime minister who led GB's lonely resistance to Hitler; involved with the secret Atlantic Conference, Russian dictator who first helped HItler destroy Poland before becoming victim of Nazi aggression in 1941; transformed RUS into a military power in 15 years, nation near whose waters US destroyers, namely USS Kearny, came under Nazi submarine attack, put Philippines on the road to independence, designed by Cordell Hull to increase American exports; reversed Hawley-Smoot Tariff by decreasing the tariff, nation that acted against the Washington Naval Treaty in 1934 and walked out of London Conference, forbade any country that still owed US money from borrowing any more cash, formed 1936 by a group of Princton U students; anti-war group that mocked the early payment of bonuses to WWI veterans, formed to investigate whether or not munitions manufacturers and bankers were pro-war in WWI soley to make profit; increased anti-war atmosphere and push to pass Neutrality Acts, American gunboat bombed and sunk by Japanese in 1937; Japan apologized and sent $ to victims' families; unwilling to go to war, US forgave easily, strip of land demilitarized according to Versailles Treaty; invaded by Hitler, aka Neutrality Act of 1939; Euro nations (Allies) can buy war materials from US only if they provide transportation and pay in cash, meeting where US warned Germany that it could not take over orphan colonies in the Americas, first peacetime draft; trained 1.2 million troops, two leading Republican presidential candidate aspirants, unarmed US merchant ship torpedoed and destroyed by a German U-boat outside war zone; May 1941, Hitler-Stalin Nonaggression Pact; 10-year peace treaty; Russia can keep 1/3 of Poland when Hitler attacks it, term dubbed to the early phase of WWII; period of silence and inactivity in Europe after Hitler moved his forces from Poland and eventually attacked Norway and Denmark, established and reinforced by FDR to create good relations with L. America; nullied Roosevelt Corollary, independent farmers; Stalin ordered Collective Farming (crops go to Russian gov't), Nazi party failed attempt to seize Munich govt 1923; Hitler emerges as a national hero when jailed, "lightning war"; German military warfare tactic, Norway, Denark, Belgium, Luxembourg, Holland, five "weaker" countries Hitler attacked before France (after phoney war), France's wall of defense that only faced Germany and stopped at the Ardennes, thick forest on the border of France and Germany, used by FDR in one of his fireside chats to persuade Americans to support Lend Lease Policy, July 1940-Dec 1941; air war between GER and GB, initially invented by GB to detect aircraft in the air; eventually used by all belligerent countries in WWII, Russian tactic; used against GER after GER attack June 1941; allowed Ger to conquer land to separate them from supply line and fall in trap of the brutal winter, Japanese admiral who planned Pearl Harbor Attack; Japan stealthily came in from the North, Pearl harbor attack; holiday time, Sunday morning.
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