'UPDF Troops Welcomed From Somalia', UPDF website, August 2019. 2020 Jan . List of Jobs in Uganda - Vacancies in Uganda by District. Coups and Army Rule in Africa, Yale University Press (1990). Kampala, Uganda - All military barracks in Uganda will soon be operating with solar photovoltaic off-grid systems. The mountain is found within the Ruwenzori mountain ranges in southwestern Uganda. [73] The town is also the site of the Uganda Senior Command and Staff College, another UPDF institution, located in the Kimaka neighborhood about 3 miles (5km) north of Jinja's central business district. Kilimanjaro and Mt. [80], Local attractions include white-water rafting, the "Source of the Nile", and bungee jumping. [74], In 1993, construction began on a second power station at the source of the White Nile; an extension of the original Nalubaale Power Station. Flag. The UPDF has the following training schools:[88]. 505 Brigade, Pajimu, Kitgum District, a component of 5 Division. Promotion was systematic. 9 February 2014: Colonel Kayanja Muhanga, Officer Commanding "Zulu Task Force", promoted to Brigadier. Cooper, Tom (2013) Africa@War Volume 14: Great Lakes Conflagration The Second Congo War, 19982003, Helion & Co Ltd, England, and Thirty Degrees South Publishers Pty Ltd, Johannesburg. If there was no house in the barracks, the army would hire for him outside. Artillery Brigades Barracks, Minna, Niger state. biggest barracks in ugandatangible items that require pickup or delivery are. [5], The city was founded in 1901 by British settlers. During February 2017 Uganda deployed a UPDF team to Equatorial Guinea to assist in the training of that country's armed forces. Political loyalty rather than military skill became critical amongst both officers and men. Economic activity was hit by COVID-19 lockdowns in 2020 and 2021. The maternity ward is also in a poor condition and inadequately staffed with one midwife, one nursing assistant and no running water. Generals of Uganda (11 C, 4 F) Generals of Ukraine (53 C, 76 F) Generals of the United Arab Emirates (3 C, 2 F) Generals of the United Kingdom (388 C, 1 P, 442 F) Generals of the United States (66 C, 2 P, 211 F) Generals of Uruguay (4 C) Generals of Uzbekistan (5 C, 1 F) V. It was also noted that the old mortuary is in a state of disuse and as a result, dead bodies are sometimes kept in the wards with other patients. 91km East of Kampala) (Brigadier Christopher Bbosa). Jinja Airport, a small civilian and military airport,[76] is located at Kimaka, about 4 kilometres (2.5mi) north of Jinja's central business district. biggest army barracks in lagos. As Uganda's government forged closer links with the Eastern Bloc, the UAAF began to acquire more aircraft as well as support in training from the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, and Libya. [8] Milton Obote, a northerner and longtime opponent of autonomy for the southern kingdoms including Buganda, was prime minister. [72] In mid-2016, it was reported that Uganda would withdraw its contribution to the RTF by the end of the year.[73]. how do you make tiger meat; Trang ch; spokane police breaking news; mr amos sedgefield community college [131], In 2011, Emmanuel Tumusiime-Mutebile, the central bank governor, caused large volatility in the Ugandan shilling when he told the Financial Times that President Museveni had ignored technical advice against using Uganda's small foreign exchange reserves to buy new Sukhoi Su-30 fighter aircraft. Army spokesperson Maj. Felix Kulayigye promised to get back to our reporter but he had not done so by the time we went to press. For the corresponding district, see, J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, p. 2920, Jinja Campus of the Makerere University Business School, https://www.gutenberg.org/files/21391/21391-h/21391-h.htm, "Uganda Decides 2021: Kyemba nominated for Jinja city Woman MP, pledges to make Jinja city great", "Cabinet approves creation of nine cities", "Road Distance Between Kampala And Jinja With Map", "Great African Travellers, From Mungo Park to Livingstone and Stanley, The Project Gutenberg EBook of Great African Travellers", "Amin escapes from Kampala on day of overthrow, 'captures' power again from Soroti", "Estimated Population of Jinja In 2002, 2010 & 2011", "The Population of The Regions of the Republic of Uganda And All Cities And Towns of More Than 15,000 Inhabitants", "Jinja Municipality Contests UBOS Population Statistics", "Owen Falls Dam: Powering Uganda For Five Decades", "$13 Million Jinja Market Close to Completion", "About Kakira Sugar Works: Kakira Sugar Works Employs Over 7,500 People", "Nile Breweries Limited Expands foot print to Western Uganda", "MM Integrated Steel Mills (Uganda) Limited: Steel The Best", "Jinja acquires Shs120b steel plant to boost local industry", "A Successful Public/Private Partnership: Vegetable Oil Production in Uganda", "Introducing the 'Made in Uganda' Electric Car", "Government to Fund Kiira Car Production", "Uganda National Council for Higher Education: Private Universities", Uganda National Council for Higher Education, "International Institute of Health Sciences- Jinja", "Jinja Vocational Institute proudly stands test of time", "YMCA College of Business Studies, Jinja Uganda BTVET - Business Technical Vocational Education and Training", "Jinja School of Nursing and Midwifery :Uganda National Council of Higher Education", "The Hotel and Tourism Training Institute - JINJA Uganda BTVET - Business Technical Vocational Education and Training", "Community Eye Health Journal Ophthalmic clinical officers: developments in Uganda", "Medical Laboratory Technician's School, Jinja :Uganda National Council of Higher Education", "Patsy Helm Memorial Vocational Training Center", "Senior Command and Staff College, Kimaka -Jinja :Uganda National Council of Higher Education", "Junior Staff College Jinja :Uganda National Council of Higher Education", "Non Commissioned Officer Academy Jinja :Uganda National Council of Higher Education", "UPDF To Establish National Defence College", "Holy Cross Lake View: One of the Best Schools in Uganda // Holy Cross Vocations United States Province // University of Notre Dame", "Jinja Schools Welcome New Compulsory UACE Subjects", "Uganda Muslim Secondary & Primary Schools", "Welcome to Galaxy International School Uganda", "Kiira Junior Prep - International Community School - Jinja Uganda", "Thyges skoleprojekt i Uganda, Thyge, Thygesskoleprojekt, Jinja Uganda, Kiira Primary School", "Magwa Primary School - Magwa Crescent Avemar Arcade Shopping Mall, P.O.Box 1113, Jinja, Uganda", "Shilo Nile Star Nursery and Primary Day and Boarding School. [8], After the Museveni government was formed in 1986, an NRA code of conduct, originally formulated in the bush in 1982, was made public. A bridge, known as the Source of the Nile Bridge, was built across the Nile, connecting the town of Njeru to Jinja. Some of these barracks were built during the colonial times, while others were built during Obote I and Amin regimes. Dfcu Bank. Army Commander Gen. Aronda Nyakairima too was not available; his aide said he was out of the country. using classic 'divide and rule' tactics, he [Obote] appointed different foreign military missions to each battalion, scrambled operational chains of command, played the police off against the army, encouraged personal infighting between his main military 'proteges' and removed from operational command of troops officers who appeared unreliable or too authoritative. [43], In addition, a significant amount of support to AMISOM has been provided by private companies. But among the foremost is corruption which has seen billions of money stolen either through inflating the payroll (ghost soldiers) or through fraudulent procurement of equipment, which sometimes are also defective and therefore of little military value. 19305 210mm After receiving the item, contact . Notify me of follow-up comments by email. UMTMT 5 (Col. James Kato Kalyebara) - completed 'post-mission ideological training course' during January 2022. It is located in Lagos, Off Awolowo Road, Ikoyi. [8] Ugandans in the rank and file claimed this policy blocked promotions and kept their salaries disproportionately low. They recovered suicide vests, other explosives, and small arms and detained Al-Shabaab operatives. mimic 3: sentinel ending By On Jun 30, 2022. Kasasira, R. & Kasozi, E. (2016) Tracing Karuhanga's 30-Year Service. Home; Properties; Services; Resources; About Us; Contact Us; biggest barracks in uganda 'UPDF Commander Brig. [8], Following the 1964 mutiny, the government remained fearful of internal opposition. There were . UPDF claims up to 50% of planned construction work is complete. [8] Museveni's 80 original soldiers grew to 8,000; Ojok's original 600 became 24,000. 16 January 2014: Colonel Kayanja Muhanga announced as UPDF force commander in South Sudan.[74]. 13 January 2014: President Museveni speaks of battle 90km south of Bor involving UPDF. African Union, 2015, The African Union-Led Regional Task Force for the elimination of the LRA, African Union Peace and Security, last updated 23 November 2015, accessed 2 January 2017. [8] The army was back to the size of the original army at independence in 1962. Taddewo William Senyonyi September 28, 2019 3. Your email address will not be published. Before his appointment as commander of the defence forces, General Katumba Wamala served as the commander of land forces. However, there is no mention of housing for soldiers. List of Kole District Vacancies 2023-2024. [2], The majority of the population are of Bantu origin. The Independent was unable to obtain the outturn (actual expenditure) for 2005/06, 2006/07, 2007/08 and 2008/09 domestic development vote. Its first aircraft was consequently of Israeli origin, and its initial pilots trained in Israel. Kalama Armoured Warfare Training School - Located at Kabamba, Mubende District, Central Region. "Uganda: The National Resistance Army." Museveni has often ridiculed his predecessors Milton Obote and Idi Amin for mismanaging the national army. [26] After the MRM victory steps were taken to institutionalize the NRA, including the setting-up of a bureaucracy; uniforms; regimental colours; training programmes; ranks; and pay and privileges. Production is expected to start in 2018. The operation was accompanied by some looting in the city. [20] Many educated southern officers were court-martialled or dismissed in 1966 and 1967, and ethnicity became the key factor in recruitment and promotions. Ssekweyama, M.E. The government of Uganda will provide funding to the initial production and setting up of a factory for the project.[33][34]. The same trend continued in 2002/03 where Shs 10.9 billion was allocated but only Shs 7.8 billion spent, in 2003/04 it was Shs 11.5 billion but only Shs 8.2 billion was spent, and in 2004/05 it was Shs 16 billion but Shs 11.8 billion was eventually spent. [4] The city sits at an average elevation of 1,204 metres (3,950 ft) above sea level. This was a standard in all army units. ARTICLES 2008-2015, Cover Story, In The Magazine, NEWS ANALYSIS Agilis Partners is Uganda's largest maize and oilseed farming company and a leading exporter of grains from Uganda to the East African region. Paul Kagame was appointed acting chief of military intelligence. However according to the Ministry of Defence budget estimates, Shs 10.4 billion, Shs 11.6 billion, Shs 12bn and Shs 8.8bn was allocated respectively for those years. For instance the land belonging to the Chieftaincy of Military Intelligence has been sold to local investor Sudhir Ruparelia. - Lagos state As of June 2013, the land forces commander appeared to be Major General David Muhoozi. As early as 1200, fertile soils and regular rainfall in the south fostered the formation of several large centralized kingdoms, including Buganda, from which the country derives its name. [5] History [ edit] -03-2022, 0 Comments The 35 Battalion Katsina Barracks was founded on 14 th April, 2016. The palm oil fruits come from Bidco's 6,500 hectares (16,000 acres) plantation on Bugala Island in the Ssese Islands Archipelago, Kalangala District, in Lake Victoria. Mbarara barracks, the UPDF 2nd Division headquarters, too will soon be disposed of. This cooperation was terminated in 2000 because of Uganda's incursion into the DRC. Agriculture was the least affected sector; industry was supported by strong expansion in mining and construction, while manufacturing remained sluggish. This is despite the mid 1990s donors castigating of the government for excessive expenditure on the army, a non-productive sector, at the expense of crucial sectors like health and education. The first Force Commander was Ugandan Colonel Dick Olum and the Deputy Force Commander was Colonel Gabriel Ayok Akuok. In 2014 it was decided the mission needed a guard unit to secure and protect UN personnel and their installations in Somalia. Winnie Nwagi Winnie Nwagi took the music scene by storm when Swangz Avenue unveiled her in 2015. The extension was completed in 2003, named the Kiira Power Station, and is capable of producing 200 megawatts of hydroelectric power at maximum utilization. The LRA had been forced out of Uganda and was roaming remote areas of (what is now) South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and the Central African Republic (CAR). The army shop closed, the officers messes either ceased or are in total decay, and basic items that used to be given to soldiers like mattresses have ceased. A US Special Forces soldier demonstrates how to detain a suspect during Flintlock 2014, a US-led international training mission for African militaries in Diffa, Niger. [22], A new market for fresh produce was completed during the fourth quarter of 2014. Building of the brewery commenced in 1952 and was completed four years later. In the event of death, the army would take over the funeral process and all the burial expenses and requirements. [18][19] On 24 May 1966, Obote ousted Mutesa, assumed his office as president and commander in chief, suspended the 1962 constitution, and consolidated his control over the military by eliminating several rivals. Since March 2002, UPDF has been granted permission to carry out operations against LRA bases across the border in South Sudan. Posted February 7, 2022 February 7, 2022 Senior Command and Staff College, Kimaka (Lt. Gen. Andrew Guti), Junior Staff College, Jinja (Brig. biggest barracks in uganda giorgio armani winter collection juin 30, 2022. chirp inmate texting 8:15 8:15 Agilis Partners Uganda, an initiative of American investors is made up of Asili Farms and the Joseph Initiative Ltd. People of Baganda origin make up 16.9% of the population. James Kinalwa), Uganda Military Academy, Kabamba (Brig. Katsina Barracks Alamala Barracks, Abeokuta state. UPDF's primary focus was the conflict with the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), a rebel group operating in the country's northern region. [130] However the force was effectively wiped out during the 1978-1979 air campaign of the Uganda-Tanzania War. [21], In January 1971, Amin and his followers within the army seized power in a coup d'tat. Jinja has a large population of inhabitants who are defined as "working urban poor". An air arm was 1,000 strong with 21 MiG-21 and 10 MiG-17 combat aircraft. sublease apartment charlotte, nc; small plate restaurants las vegas From 2007 to 2011, the International Institute for Strategic Studies estimated the UPDF had a total strength of 40,00045,000 and consisted of land forces and an air wing. This includes the costs of the Internal Security Organisation (ISO), External Security Organisation (ESO), UPDF, and some expenditure by the Office of the President and Ministry of Defence. Biggest Barracks in Kenya Can a Kenyan Join the British Army? (Joe . The estimated population of the new city, as of October 2020, is about 300,000. Uganda Police Force Transfers 2013. The Uganda Army Air Force (UAAF) was established in 1964 with Israeli aid. 'UPDF Troops Welcomed from Equatorial Guinea and Somalia', Ministry of Defence and Veterans' Affairs Uganda, 22 January 2019, 'Battle Group XXXI and Military Training Team Complete Post Mission Ideological Training', UPDF website, 15 January 2022, <, Ministry of Defence Uganda, UPDF Motorised Infantry, accessed 14 June 2016, <. [68], In October 2014, RTF Commander Brigadier Sam Kavuma was deployed to Somalia[69] and his place taken by Brigadier Lucky Kidega[70] By March 2016, the Ugandan RTF Commander was Colonel Richard Otto. 307 Brigade, Mburamizi, Kihihi, Kanungu District. The Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF), previously known as the National Resistance Army, is the armed forces of Uganda. List of UPDF top brass and what they do", "Soldier sentenced to 10 months for losing gun", "Mission (Not) Accomplished: Uganda gives up the hunt too soon for Kony and the LRA", "Museveni Appoints New Head of Operations In South Sudan", https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/un-guard-unit-begins-work-mogadishu, http://www.redpepper.co.ug/un-updf-guard-units-sets-off-for-somalia/, http://portal.defence.go.ug:10039/wps/portal/mod-home/MOD-latest-news/forces%20welcomed%20from%20somalia/!ut/p/a1/zZNNc9owEIb_CheORhvhD6k3TzpxIICT5qPgS0a2JVnEloytQCe_voLpKS2kmXKobju7-87us3pRhpYo02yrJLPKaFbv4yx8pimQixvA0_QariAmyWKC0wTfJ74rWLkCOPJieNf_EMUQJ0_RXTqjk8lNgL6jDGWFtq2t0Ko1nWX1oFeWD-HtuCyDQ5oaJ_sCeG1sxIDJbbQxNVXqJXiXrkAAI1IrbCTupT8EYbqC94MdrwvT8HIgOtMMetOwWrH9RC2TvOS9kvoQFapEqzyILmgQhB4pCur5DDOPUM48mvslIxQEHoe_eJxY-AOeBx6niU4_YupmiHU-JhJlHRe8493otXO3rKxtvwwdu91uNypdRhd8JM3oVQ7hT02V6S1a_laMVm7H6PgSEbr_JLTTggSfW3B8ZsHU_1dB8vj1EuLZ_HaKn75BsoBzTxh-WnD6F9bH3fxyLvd2sZWntDBoedJZrkWtN5ssdp432vIf7n_9J6Zvm8eGrMUsFHMb5EG7fXsQTfO8WHgsJzAO6u0s_gnVFt3v/dl5/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/, https://unsom.unmissions.org/un-guard-unit-members-complete-one-year-tour-duty-somalia, https://www.updf.go.ug/NEW_UNITED_NATIONS_GUARD_UNIT_TAKES_OVER_DUTIES.php, https://www.updf.go.ug/UPDF_TROOPS_WELCOMED_FROM_SOMALIA.php, https://www.updf.go.ug/Deputy_Chief_of_Defence_Forces_Flagsoff_UGABAG_XXVIII_and_UNGU_VI.php, https://www.updf.go.ug/Uganda_7th_UN_Guard_Unit_Flagged_off_to_Somalia.php, http://portal.defence.go.ug:10039/wps/portal/mod-home/MOD-latest-news/updf%20troops%20welcomed%20from%20equatorial%20guinea%20and%20somalia/!ut/p/a1/zZJNT8JAEIb_Sj14bHa69PPYYKx8VgUVeiFDu10W293SLmj49RbiRRM0Kgf3NpnJs--875CEzEgicSc4aqEkFoc6cRdBDL41ANqPb-AaQj8a92gc0UlkkyeSkCSVutIrMq9UrbEwGqHZJezdBZx4CMd2oFrsM9C10h4C8p23UUUgxLPzqb2CHNDnUlDFacPtS9hWWW7oWqmqMV5YkaqSZUZeq9Jgmy1qVYtWB98KydBAmRmNKrEQeBBbIWcZawSXxyoVGZl7ToCZRVMTLCs1bQyoubRdalIEp8N8K3ddq_VinpzeKYTvrOp_N9B-QOtRd8QPIvXKFDJXZPbbVVuaWG82Sdjmo6Rmr5rM_n9Ax3v6YNPUCyGMHr27eBj0egPnfeCLHOZtUN5poz0y-WHyXwN9em5g58zA2P4r0H-46kI4HN326eM9RGM4t0L3x8CqLP11PnSK3TCf3JblYjw2celDx6l2-2l48Qa4y0wP/dl5/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/, http://www.defence.go.ug/home/newsandevents/71.0, Oliver Tambo Leadership School Located at Kaweweta, Nakaseke District, South Africa Donates Equipment to Oliver Tambo School, "Elwelu appointed new 2nd Division UPDF commander", "Uganda says army's salary arrears 'ready', "Uganda Peoples Defence Forces UPDF 5th Division", "Uganda: Museveni Creates UPDF 5th Division", "Security Operative on the Run for Robbery", "UPDF Investigates rebel recruitment in Masaka, warns youths", http://portal.defence.go.ug:10039/wps/portal/mod-home/armed-forces/land-forces/!ut/p/a1/04_Sj9CPykssy0xPLMnMz0vMAfGjzOIt_Q0sDL0NjLz8Lf3NDRwtDEwDA41dDQxMTYEKIoEKDHAARwM0_SHmjgaO7mHmgf4-lp6e3jD9eBQQsD9cPwqsBI8LvIhwg2NekrFFun5UUWpaalFqkV5pEdDvGSUlBVaqBqoG5eXleilAmbzkVL30fL3SdFUDbJoy8otL9CMwFOsX5IZGGOhGJVWWOyoCAPd0lwo!/dl5/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/, https://www.updf.go.ug/CDF_Commissions_Homes_for_505_and_403_Infantry_Brigades.php, http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Ugandan-forces-suffer-first-casualties-with-five-men-killed/688342-3348466-14u6vph/index.html, "Ugandan president reveals T-90 and Chinese tanks", "Scramble for the Congo - Anatomy of an Ugly War", "Uganda: How the West brought Idi Amin to power", "US explains Shs265b combat helicopters' aid to Uganda", https://chimpreports.com/museveni-why-i-elevated-1st-commando-battalion-to-brigade/, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uganda_People%27s_Defence_Force&oldid=1142645178, UNGU I (Lt. Col. Wycliffe Keita) May 2014 to mid-2015, UNGU II (Lt. Col. Richard Walekura) mid-2015 to August 2016, UNGU III (Lt. Col. Keith Katungi) August 2016 to July 2017, UNGU IV (Lt. Col. Mike Hyeroba) July 2017 to mid-2018, UNGU V (Lt. Col. Stuart Agaba), 529 personnel mid-2018 to July 2019, UNGU VI (Lt. Col. Nathan Bainomugisha) - July 2019. Apparently in the 1960s, during training soldiers would eat meat three times a week. Jinja is a city in the Eastern Region of Uganda, located on the North shores of Lake Victoria. 22 January 2014: Updated casualty report says nine UPDF dead and a dozen wounded, including: Captain Celistine Egau, Sergeant Santos Ochen, Private Richard Oyaka and Private Arthur Mbagira. Looking at the Defence budget for the last 10 years, it is clear construction of barracks has not been a priority with very little funds allocated to the domestic development vote. [129] The lack of spare parts especially affected the MiG-15s and MiG-17s. Yet on transfer he has to leave his house behind. Other barracks are also facing similar challenges. [75], Jinja is a major station on the Uganda Railway and is a port for Lake Victoria ferries. [20] According to the 2014 national population census data, Jinja is the largest metropolitan area in the Jinja District and the 14th-largest metropolis in the country. It is Africa's third tallest mountain, coming behind Mt. [67], RTF operations, however, were plagued with difficulties, including the fact that Ugandan forces were restricted from operating in the DRC. [35] As of 2008, these personnel problems has been exacerbated by the surge of UPDF troops resigning to work with the Coalition Forces in Iraq. November 10, 2009 [8], Although the authorities later released many of the detained soldiers and reinstated some in the army, the mutiny marked a turning point in civil-military relations. Jinja is commonly regarded as "the adventure capital of East Africa" due to the very many activities in town that one could engage in, especially for tourists. Originally, there were 23 military garrisons in the country, namely: Bondo barracks (near Arua), Masindi General Transport barracks (now occupied by police), Masindi Artillery and Signal Regiment, Rubongi Air & Seaborne barracks, Majanji and Nalwire barracks in Busia, Nakasongola Airbase, Gulu Air Force Base, Moyo barracks, Gaddafi barracks which was School of Infantry in Jinja, Magamaga barracks also near Jinja, Mbale (Bumageni military police) barracks, Bugema barracks in Mbale, Malire Mechanised Regiment (Bombo), and Mubende barracks. Somerville ascribes the budget rise to the rebellion in the north, Uganda's military intervention in the Congo, and "massive corruption" - 'ghost soldiers' who did not exist, whose (real) salaries were claimed by senior officers. Formed in September 2002 and is composed of three motorized infantry battalions. Osun State - army barracks In Ede Others are 4. biggest barracks in uganda. It has no ambulance and basic requirements like protective wears. Oliver Tambo Leadership School, Kawaweta, Karama Armoured Warfare Training School, Mubende (Brigadier Francis Chemonges, or Chemo), Singo Peace Support Training Centre (Brigadier Jack Bakasumba), Bihanga Military Training School, Ibanda (Colonel Semakula), Anti-terrorism Centre (Major General Fred Mugisha), Uganda Rapid Deployment Capability Centre, Jinja (Major General Nakibus Lakara), Uganda Air Defence and Artillery School, Nakasongola, Nakasongola District, Uganda Air Force Academy, Nakasongola, Nakasongola District, Uganda Urban Warfare Training School, Singo, Nakaseke District, 5 infantry divisions (total: 16 infantry brigades), Second Division: Makenke Barracks, Mbarara (Brigadier Peter Elewelu).

Tondo Barangay Map, Prince Charles Gordonstoun Challenge, Articles B

biggest barracks in uganda