Sign up for our bi-monthly email newsletter for all the latest! B-8) states that shear strength is approximately 60% of the minimum tensile strength. what is the formula to see what tensile the material actually is? Apologies. Wanted to know what grade threaded rod should be used and size. Yield strength and tension strength of Fe250 is 250MPa and 410MPa respectively, tensile strength is 410MPa whereas maximum compressive strength is only about 35 to 40% of tensile strength. @Mark- Nominal steel strength is not necessarily an exact equivalent of yield. Anyone with the competence to calculate tensile strength would already know this. Second, I think you are mistaking the purpose of braided wire. The ultimate tensile strength is the maximum on the engineering stress-strain curve. If you want something to be able to withstand more force the simplest approach is to increase the cross-section or get a stronger material. otherwise please clarify. The stress on the wire rope will be the load in Kg divided by the total cross sectional area Tensil strength of any material is available in many metalurgical sites on the internet. The wire spool is approximately 12 in length and has a 1 O.D. Place the steel plate between the cross heads of the universal testing machine, and align it so that it is perfectly center. can I download it on any website. [citation needed] Tenacity (textile strength) [ edit] WebEnter half of your outside dims if you want to calculate solid bar (square tube only). We can calculate the torque needed to achieve a specific load, but the effects of torsion on yield? Tensile strength is measured by elongating a specimen in a Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Thanks for the catch. L stands for the length of the specified rod. I am using a tensile tester to measure tensile strength. WebEngineering. Stud size is 1 7/8 Pls how do you convert diameter to feet or inches? In what book is it shown in. Is this correct? I am a student and I strictly need the stress-strain chart for ASTM A574 Hex Headed Bolts (M30). please attach the detail calculation of steel hollow section pipe SHS40x40x2.5 where thickness is 2.5 This will be L.. Thanks Ted. 6) Shear strength: the maximum shear load a material can withstand before failing divided by its cross-sectional area. If nut and bolt are made from the same material,and thread engagement is at least 55% the bolt will pull into (tensil) before the thread shears. Math can be tough, but with a little practice, anyone can master it. We calculate the stress, using the stress formula: = F/A = 30*10 / (1*10) = 300*10 = 300 MPa . WebUltimate Tensile Strength. Continuing with the example from Step 1, multiplying five by six equals an area of 30 square inches. I wanted to know that for Tensile Strength Testing, what is the minimum length of the bolt that can be used? is divided by P max /A 0, where P max is the maximum load and A 0 is the original cross sectional area. =. 1020 is pushing the limits of weldable. WebThe tensile strength of structural steel is 400 megapascals (MPa), while that of carbon steel is 841 MPa. This is the minimum requirement for F1554 grade 36. We can help in calculating tensile strength values for fasteners using the above methodology. In brittle materials the ultimate tensile strength is close to the yield point, whereas in ductile materials the ultimate tensile strength can be higher. Brinell Hardness uses a hard, spherical indenter which is forced into the surface of the metal to be tested. I was wondering how the tensilestrength of the bolt related to the thread strength. A bolt is designated to be 8.8 according to BS3692, what is the yield stress of the bolt? WebTensile Stress Formula = F A Where, is the tensile stress F is the force acting A is the cross-sectional area You may also want to check out these topics given below! You will need to contact a test lab for more information. We are not sure. WebUltimate tensile strength of low-carbon steel is between 400 550 MPa. This relationship is represented by the formula below: What is tensile strength? I would consult an engineer and have your bolts tested if you are concerned about safety. Area (a) = W x T Ultimate shear strength is commonly estimated to be 0.6*UTS. @Arjan- Apologies, but we are unable to help with this calculation. wt. Or give me the calculation of clamp load. For an example, lets use normal draft. WebThese parameters include yield strength of steel, the tensile strength of steel, density, hardness, etc. @Paul- Apologies, but we do not have any information on stainless steel torque values. WebThe ultimate tensile strength of a material is calculated by dividing the area of the material tested (the cross section) by the stress placed on the material, generally expressed in terms of pounds or tons per square inch of material. @Vani- Apologies, but that is not something we are able to help with. TS 1420 MPa approximately* =. Math can be tough, but with a little practice, anyone can master it. please how do i calculate the lifting capacity of an m30 shoulder eyebolt and the tensile stress. @Vani- Apologies, but we do not have any information regarding this kind of material. @John You could simply use Pi x r^2, so 56.74sq in of stress area. Tensile Stress Formula If the force is acting perpendicular to the surface is given by F, and the surface area is H, then tensile stress (T) is given by: T = F H S.I. I am trying to determine the sheer strength (which I know is an approximation) of three different diameter Grade 5 hitch pins: 3/4 inch, 1 inch, and 1 1/4 inch. The applied tensile stress in a body is defined as the sum of the internal forces per unit area of the object. To calculate the modulus of elasticity E of material, follow these steps:. Apologies. 24 in length, capable of handling 500 lbs static load and approximately 10,000 lbs dynamic load. 25.4mm = 1 inch. Length of tube (inches) Set to 12 if you're just comparing materials Material Choose your material. Arash. Please read AddThis Privacy for more information. Math can be tough, but with a little practice, anyone can master it. Would this be an indication of poor quality control during production? While concrete is strong in compression, it is weak in tension and can easily crack. WebGuide to Tensile Strength. How do I determine the yield and tensile strength for a specific diameter of a 1100 aluminum stud? This corresponds to the maximum stress that can be sustained by a structure in tension. Deal with math problem. WebTensile strength of steel:- the tensile strength of structural steel is 400 N/mm2 and for carbon steel is 841N/mm2, it can be also measured in SI unit Mega Pascal as 400 841MPa in India and other country but in US customary region measured in psi and their value is 58000 Apologies. The ultimate tensile strength is the maximum on the engineering stress-strain curve. any other method to calculate strength of steel with or without using IS(indian standard) code book? The Ultimate Tensile Strength - UTS - of a material is the limit stress at which the material actually breaks, with a sudden release of the stored elastic energy. We also would need to know the condition of the bar that is if it was cold drawn, and if so, whether it was a normal draft or heavy draft as that can effect the strength of the bar. You would need to tell us what diameter and grade to fabricate. WebThese parameters include yield strength of steel, the tensile strength of steel, density, hardness, etc. In addition, I have calculated the load coming on to this projected portion but I am not sure how to design the number of bolts and dia bolts to counter act the load on the projected portion. unit of T = Pascal (Pa) or Newton per meter square or N x m- 2 Dimensional formula for tensile stress = M1L1T2 Tensile Strength We are considering manufacturing a holding rod to support a caster assembly. Take that value and multiply it by 60% (0.60). WebHow do you calculate stress in steel? @Erinosho There are conversion charts available to convert hardness to tensile for steel and steel alloy products, but I do not know if they are accurate for Titanium alloys. Strength: This refers to a metals ability to withstand permanent deformation and fracture when subjected to external forces. The specimen is held on opposite ends using clamps. Measure its initial length, L without any stress applied to the material. Hi, I have a question. Tensile strength values vary for various steel densities. @Adhi I am sorry, I do not completely understand your question. So what I need to know is how many foot pounds of torque would be required to tighten these heavy hex nuts. Of course there is possibility of failure if all is not right. For more information, please see our FAQ on bolt shear strength considerations. The tensile of the bar would be 60,600lbs. A stands for cross-sectional area of the rod. Elongation = FL/AE. Generally, Steel, Titanium, Tungsten and Inconel are considered the strongest four metals. Length of tube (inches) Set to 12 if you're just comparing materials Material Choose your material. @Ade- We are sorry, but we are not familiar with BS3692, so are unable to be 100% certain. WebThe following are basic definitions and equations used to calculate the strength of materials. If this stress is applied and maintained, a fracture will result. Example: What is the ultimate tensile strength of a 3/4 diameter F1554 Grade 36 rod? - this online pressure converter can also be used to convert between Tensile Modulus units. The tensile strength of concrete is its ability to resist being stretched or pulled apart under stress. TVP (Materials) 20 May 06 13:40. Any thoughts? Your best bet would be to consult an engineer to confirm. If this stress is applied and maintained, a fracture will result. On metric bolts it is listed as a percentage of tensile strength 8.8 is 800 megapascals with 80% yield strength or 640 megapascals. how can I calculate the strength of rear cover of dc motor whose material is aluminiumgive mi hint about the formulas required for calculationif thickness of rear cover reduces will it affect the strength? If this stress is applied and maintained, a fracture will result. Webfor Tensile/Yield & Charpy values. How to calculate tensile strength of braided steel wire? a) the tensile strength, also known as the ultimate tensile strength, is the load at failure divided by the original cross sectional area in which the ultimate tensile strength (U.T.S.) 1=56,520lbs. What is the tensile strength in psi of the weakest steel alloy commonly on the market? @Mark- Thank you for your question, but I am sorry, we do not have any engineers on staff and cant make any grade recommendations. A UTM is a tensile testing machine. width (w) = 0.505 in. To require stipulation that it must be installed properly is silly. Ultimate tensile strength is often shortened to tensile strength or even to the ultimate.. There are 3 different types of tensile strengths: Tensile yield strength Ultimate tensile strength Fracture tensile strength The yield strength is the strength a metal has before it begins to plastically deform. Then multiply that by your tensile and yield (in psi) and that will give you your ultimate strength. How to calculation torque value on stud bolt3/4150mm flange 3300# gasket 3300.please show me how to calculate. Deal with math problem. In order to calculate using the 0.2% offset method, you must first secure data from which a stress-strain diagram may be drawn. WebThe following are basic definitions and equations used to calculate the strength of materials. You only need to calculate the cross section area of the bolt X tensil strength of material bolt is made of. I need to know how much pull weight can be placed on the shaft before it will bend. 3. where is the lag bolt relative to the pivot point of the cantilever? how can we calculate safe thickness of circular plate made of 1490 LM6 aluminium plate whose diameter is 20 mm. WebTensile strength from Brinell hardness can be roughly estimated by multiplying 3.45 and Brinell hardness and is represented as TS = (3.45/9.8067)*HB or Tensile Strength = (3.45/9.8067)*Brinell Hardness. Take the minimum tensile strength in psi of the ASTM grade, multiplied by the stress area of the diameter. 90,000. What would be the tensile strength of a fastener Shoulder bolt: .500 dia shaft 3/8-16 thread? Thank for your time. Brinell Hardness uses a hard, spherical indenter which is forced into the surface of the metal to be tested. Generally, Steel, Titanium, Tungsten and Inconel are considered the strongest four metals. @Z- We can calculate the tensile, yield, or shear strength, but to me it sounds like youd be more concerned with the bar bending. Download and print Tension Unit Converter Chart. WebEngineering. Load (lbs) This is the force applied to your tube. While concrete is strong in compression, it is weak in tension and can easily crack. Below is a simple metal strength chart you can use to compare metals: Types of Metals. How to calculate tensile strength of braided steel wire? It takes about twice as much force to stretch a spring twice as far. About the standards in Metals, bcoz there are different grades and standards. https://www.portlandbolt.com/technical/strength-requirements-by-grade/. WebAn approximate relationship between the hardness and the tensile strength (of steel) is, where HB is the Brinnell Hardness of the material, as measured with a standard indenter and a 3000 kgf load. @Mehmood- If you know the tensile strength of your fasteners, you can multiply it by the tensile stress areas of the threads, that will give you the minimum breaking strength of your bolt. What i mean is (and this is an unrealistic and exaggerated example), imagine 1/2 inch bolts/nuts bolting into aluminum siding panels unless you have large washers, the bolts can be pulled right out of the siding. (suggested range: 390 ~ 2450 MPa) Approx. However, for example S235 JR equivalent grade is A283C. "ratio ofstress (force per unit area) along an axis to strain (ratio of deformation over initial length) along that axis". Modulus of Elasticity - is a measure of stiffness of an elastic material. 0 = 1.13in Bolt diameter Measure the cross-section area A.. @Chris- You are correct, I should have qualified that if the bolt is improperly designed or installed, it could strip. I can happily send you a copy if you are interested. hi , i have shaft clamped by bolt. That is simply due to the minor (root) diameter of the threads vs the full diameter of the shank. In layman's terms, it is the measurement of the force required to stretch a material until it breaks. If you are looking for a generic calculation, I can offer a strength calculation based on a mild steel rod. Webcastings steel; cast iron; wrought iron; stainless steel (304N) Strength of Metals - SI Units. 2003. I just want to know that is 30 mm mild steel hook lift the 10 mt zinc mould. The specimen is held on opposite ends using clamps. Note that Hooke's Law can also be applied to materials undergoing three dimensional stress (triaxial loading). A325? Note: 1-1/4=77,301lbs. Unfortunately, there is no way of verifying what grade your bolt is, or what steel your bolt is made out of, so there is absolutely no way of verifying the validity of the above information. Divide the the applied load by the cross-sectional area to calculate the maximum tensile stress. A36 is the most common thing you'll find at a steel yard. Are there industry standards in hardness (Rockwell) for specific grades of bolts (primarily metric) what would a failed hardness test indicate in a bolts tensile strength? Generally, Steel, Titanium, Tungsten and Inconel are considered the strongest four metals. In general however, it is usually chemistry, mechanical properties, and manufacturing process that can differentiate one grade from another. Apply a known force F on the cross-section area and measure the material's length while this force is being applied. WebSuppose the diameter and length of rod are and 36 inches. For example, a member with a cross-sectional area of 2 in sq and an applied load of 1000 pounds has a maximum tensile stress of 500 pounds per square inch (psi). @Sampson 12 inches = 1 foot. Ultimate shear strength is commonly estimated to be 0.6*UTS. Is it possible to estimate the effects of torsion (torque) on a bolt in relation to its yield and tensile strength? Example 1: Area of rectangular cross section Multiply the length and width of the steel plate to determine its area. One of the ends is stationary while pulling the We have an FAQ that addresses the difficulty of calculating strength values for lag bolts. It is available for purchase through the AISC website. I have 3 treated 46s that are bowing and want to pull them back into the straight vertical postion. WebGently and FIRMLY clamp the ends of the steel wire rope and apply tensile pressure at the ends such that all the strands of the wire rope share the load applied. The top of of your beam, loaded in compression, will fail in buckling. A UTM is a tensile testing machine. Essentially, I am making a barbell, and will have weight plates on both ends of the bar. Be careful when calculating as the threaded section of a bolt has a smaller cross-sectional area than the smooth shank, for instance, the smooth shank of an M16 bolt has a cross sectional area of 201mm wheras the threaded part has a defined area of 157mm. Cite this Article. Apologies. Your email address will not be published. Apologies. 6 dia pipe. It will likely be determined by the location of the hole relative to the placement of the nut. On the basis of figure 2.5, calculate the ultimate engineering tensile strength of 304 stainless steel. @Andy- We are not certain what exactly you are asking. WebStrength, often denoted as $\sigma = F/A$, can be considered how much force a material can withstand for a given cross-section. WebSuppose the diameter and length of rod are and 36 inches. For example: allowable stress of A36 steel = 36,000 psi / 4.0 = 9,000 pounds per square inch. Tensile strength is the opposite of compressive strength, and the two may have very different values. In the formula of torque value calculation there is mention clamp load= 75 % of proof load. WebThe following are basic definitions and equations used to calculate the strength of materials. Thank you for a very concise explanation on calculating yield and tensile strength. I want to calculate tension and shear capacity but from this link, it shows M12 and above for both Grade 8.8 and 10.9 https://www.engineersedge.com/hardware/countersunk_bolt_grade_109_13674.htm Mechanical Engineering questions and answers. I would like to have stainless grades and their properties table. With reference to the second number, multiplied by 10, gives the percentage of the first calculation to provide the Yield Strength. What FoS do we use? I am trying to calculate the yield strength of that 5/8 bolt and Im not seeing how you are doing your math. A 5/8 lag bolt has a minor diameter of 0.471, which calculates to a stress area of 0.17497 sq. @Abdul I am sorry, but we are unfamiliar with those international standards, so cannot comment on them. If you want something to be able to withstand more force the simplest approach is to increase the cross-section or get a stronger material. The shear strength, which I think you are concerned about would be about 60% of that value. Males can weigh up 14,000lbs, so well use that as a worst case scenario. L stands for the length of the specified rod. Divide the yield strength by the factor of safety to calculate the allowable stress. looking for your favorable reply. Ultimate tensile strength is often shortened to tensile strength or the ultimate.. First, find the ultimate tensile strength using the formula above. Divide the the applied load by the cross-sectional area to calculate the maximum tensile stress. There are 3 different types of tensile strengths: Tensile yield strength Ultimate tensile strength Fracture tensile strength The yield strength is the strength a metal has before it begins to plastically deform. Mechanical Engineering questions and answers. Hello I am seeking the tensile strength of a 1 inch thick a36 steel bar with a 1 inch hole threaded for national coarse thread. We use IMR Test Labs here in Portland often, and I believe they have facilitates elsewhere as well. @Aman- In order to help you with this question, we would need to know the grade of bolt and nut, as well as how the fastener is being used. Proof stress is a simple pass or fail test where the full size bolt is tensioned to a predetermined proofload value, held for 10 seconds, then measured to see if it elongated. @Dan- You are correct, 19kips. The commonly used strength indexes are yield strength and tensile strength. WebUltimate tensile strength of low-carbon steel is between 400 550 MPa. Stress and strain Youngs modulus and elastic modulus Elastic behaviour of solids 54,865 Tensile Stress Unit Following is the table explaining the units and dimensional formula: That gives you the minimum ultimate breaking strength of 3/4 A36/F1554g36. A spring is an example of an elastic object - when stretched, it exerts a restoring force which tends to bring it back to its original length. In layman's terms, it is the measurement of the force required to stretch a material until it breaks. Apologies. Threads per inch are 8 This corresponds to the maximum stress sustained by a structure in tension. yield strength ~0.2%), draw mn parallel to OA, and thus locate r, the intersection of mn with the stress-strain curve corresponding to load R, which is the yield strength load. Portland Bolt provides anchor bolts and nonstandard construction The yield would be 54,500lbs, and the shear would be 36,360lbs. These are such interesting questions! could you give me an estimated weight just for comfort is it atleast 5000 lbs per bolt. The formulas on your website require that know the type of steel alloy the bolt is made out of. Ultimate tensile strength formula: max = Pmax /A0 where A0 = original cross sectional area, Pmax = maximum load This value is usually much higher than the yield stress (as much as 50 to 60 percent more than the yield for some types of metals). yield strength ~0.2%), draw mn parallel to OA, and thus locate r, the intersection of mn with the stress-strain curve corresponding to load R, which is the yield strength load. When in doubt, call an engineer. It depends only on the maximum force and cross-section area. Brinell Hardness uses a hard, spherical indenter which is forced into the surface of the metal to be tested. (suggested range: 390 ~ 2450 MPa) Approx. The total weight it needs to support is 700lbs and my mounting hardware has two bolt holes for each chain. [citation needed] Tenacity (textile strength) [ edit] To calculate the modulus of elasticity E of material, follow these steps:. Given a 3.25" long, 0.125" diameter rubber rod with tensile strength 1200 psi supported on both ends, how much weight can you hung from the middle of it without breaking it? After manufacture the bar will be oil quench hardened to 1575-1625 degrees for 1.5hrs / heated to 950 degrees for 4 hours and air cooled. Hi, Im building a barbed wire fence roller and would like to use 3/4 1018 cold roll round stock for the shaft that the wire spool will attach to. Stress and strain Youngs modulus and elastic modulus Elastic behaviour of solids 54,865 Tensile Stress Unit Following is the table explaining the units and dimensional formula: Only emails and answers are saved in our archive. WebL = length of object (m, in) Stress - Stress is force per unit area and can be expressed as = F / A (2) where = stress (N/m2, lb/in2, psi) F = applied force (N, lb) A = stress area of object (m2, in2) tensile stress - stress that tends to stretch or lengthen the material - acts normal to the stressed area I am happy to contact my members here. I need to figure out the sheer strength of a 3/8-16 zinc plated u-bolt. This relationship is represented by the formula below: My question is what size bolts would I need to be able to support the stress of the field moving in the axial direction? Type the value in the box next to Mpa (using the drop down to change the unit of measurement). However, the limiting factor will be the material it is screwed into, and the wood will typically yield before the lag bolt will, so you may have a problem using only one lag bolt. Thanks, Jeff. WebGently and FIRMLY clamp the ends of the steel wire rope and apply tensile pressure at the ends such that all the strands of the wire rope share the load applied. That linear dependence of displacement upon the stretching force is called Hooke's law and can be expressed as, Fs = -k dL (4). Starting from EU to ASTM, JIS, IS, GOST, DIN etc. @Brad- The tensile strength of the bolt does not change if it is loose, as long as it is still engaged in the nut at least one diameter. Yes, feel free to moderate my comment and delete my sarcasm (or whole post for that matter), but I do thank you for the information. Load (lbs) This is the force applied to your tube. @Ryan Mozingo Unfortunately, the value that you are looking for is impossible to calculate with any accuracy. Mechanical Engineering. Unlike tensile and yield strengths, there are no published shear strength values or requirements for ASTM specifications. WebWhat is the ultimate tensile strength of UTS? The commonly used strength indexes are yield strength and tensile strength. Thank you. Load Distribution Point Load in Center How do I determine what length bolt to use? What lag bolt do I need (dont use a safety factor I like to live dangerously)? WebFrom this curve we can determine: a) the tensile strength, also known as the ultimate tensile strength, the load at failure divided by the original cross sectional area where the ultimate tensile strength (U.T.S. The good news is that it is difficult to imagine a thread failure on a bolt and nut connection, but you should still check that it is installed properly for the anticipated loads, and make sure the assembly doesnt pull out of the connection material. Ultimate tensile strength is often shortened to tensile strength or even to the ultimate.. @Pragash- I am sorry, but we do not have that information. The top of of your beam, loaded in compression, will fail in buckling. WebFrom this curve we can determine: a) the tensile strength, also known as the ultimate tensile strength, the load at failure divided by the original cross sectional area where the ultimate tensile strength (U.T.S. 6) Shear strength: the maximum shear load a material can withstand before failing divided by its cross-sectional area. Here F stands for applied force/load. 90,000. TS MPa. It is important to understand that this value is only an estimate. IS M5 BOLT SUFFICIENT TO CARRY WEIGHT OF 6Kg MOTOR HAVING 270 Kgcm TORQUE. stated in tons. Strength of Metals - Imperial Units. The stress on the wire rope will be the load in Kg divided by the total cross sectional area Also, I agree with jhardy1, above. We don't collect information from our users. For example do you need its tensile value, or shear value, or perhaps some other value? We calculate the stress, using the stress formula: = F/A = 30*10 / (1*10) = 300*10 = 300 MPa . SUCH AS X70 OR X65 FOR USE IN THE GAS AND OIL PIPELINE. WebL = length of object (m, in) Stress - Stress is force per unit area and can be expressed as = F / A (2) where = stress (N/m2, lb/in2, psi) F = applied force (N, lb) A = stress area of object (m2, in2) tensile stress - stress that tends to stretch or lengthen the material - acts normal to the stressed area Second, I think you are mistaking the purpose of braided wire. @Rinky- We are sorry, but we are not familiar with EN 45502, so are unable to help. You want the bar to be able to bend (so you can still pick it up), but not bend permanently. They Are For My Polebarn that measures 24 x 32 and this is on the 32 side. I, of course, will be gripping the bar with both hands, but would like to know what the possible breaking point may be if I only had one lever/one hand on the bar. https://www.iccsafe.org/Pages/default.aspx, what is proof strength of material and how is it calculate,have any formula. @Success- Each individual manufacturer of eye bolts has a chart that lists what their bolts are rated at. You may be surprised how willing they would be to work with you, especially if it is an interesting project. Yield strength and tension strength of Fe250 is 250MPa and 410MPa respectively, tensile strength is 410MPa whereas maximum compressive strength is only about 35 to 40% of tensile strength. Finally, we divide the stress by strain to find the Youngs modulus of steel: E = / = 300*10 / 0.0015 = 200*10 = 200 GPa . Is there have any industries standard value for the tensile strength of self drilling screw? SVP, comment calculer la gorge du boulons apres soudage. (General Electric standard 12A1200), What wed need to know first is what tension or clamping force are you trying to achieve? The tensile strength of concrete is its ability to resist being stretched or pulled apart under stress. Hi @Raghu- We are sorry, but we do not have any engineers on staff and so are unable to provide those calculations. Hi, I have been trying to find a comparison chart to determine at what torque in NM a bolt would go into yield in this case a M20x2.5 A4-80 stainless bolt. Im looking for a simple steal tensile strength calculator for metal tubing/axles. You can also calculate shear by multiplying the tensile value by 60%. The commonly used strength indexes are yield strength and tensile strength. Tensile Strength (PSI) Yield strength (PSI) Hardness Rockwell (B-Scale) Density (Kg/m) Stainless steel 304. Hardness. TS 1420 MPa approximately* =. Its actually used to measure the amount of energy the material can absorb at the limited state. @Al I think shoulder bolts are made per the same standard as regular socket head cap screws (ASTM A574). You may want to confirm that your bolts were made to the A574 standard, we dont usually handle shoulder bolts, so I am not certain.
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